Glossary
1. Communicable- A disease able to be transmitted from one sufferer to another; contagious or infectious.
2.Enterovirus- Any of a group of RNA viruses which typically occur in the gastrointestinal tract, sometimes spreading to the central nervous system or other parts of the body. Another example of this is Hepatitis A 3. RNA- Stands for ribonucleic acid. It is a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins. However, in some viruses, RNA carried the DNA. 4. Genome- The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism 5. Capsid- The protein coat or shell of a virus particle, surrounding the nucleic acid or nucleoprotein core. 6. Paralysis-Impairment or loss of voluntary muscle function or of sensation in a part or area of the body 7. Flaccid- Soft and hanging loosely or limply 8. Central Nervous System- The complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body.The nervous system monitors and coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes in the external environment. The two main parts of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain controls all the body functions by sending and receiving messages through nerves. 9. Antibodies- A blood protein produced in response to and opposing a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances which the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood. 10.Mucosal-A mucous membrane or mucosa. It lines various cavities in the body and surrounds internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue. In the human body, the oesophagus has a mucosal layer, along with other organ thorough out the digestive tract. 11. Epidemic- A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. 12. Electron Microscope-The electron microscope is a type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen. It is capable of much higher magnifications and has a greater resolving power than a light microscope, allowing it to see much smaller objects in finer detail. The electron microscope was invented by German physicist Ernst Ruska and electrical engineer Max Knoll. 13. Cells- The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, which is typically microscopic and consists of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. 14. Lysis-The disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane. 15- Neutrophil- Are a type of white blood cell that the body uses to fight infections. Often created by an infection, but other medical conditions and certain drugs can cause them as well. They are essential for protecting the body against viruses. 16.Maerophages- A large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection. A type of white blood cell that ingests foreign material and infectious microorganisms by phagocytosis. 17. Mast Cell- A cell filled with basophil granules, found in numbers in connective tissue and releasing histamine and other substances during inflammatory and allergic reactions. 18. Phagocytosis- The ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes 19. Internalize-Make attitudes or behaviour part of one's nature by learning or unconscious assimilation. 20. Antigen-A toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies. 21. Degranulate- A cell to lose or release granules of a substance, typically as part of an immune reaction. 22. Cytokines- Substances which are secreted by certain cells of the immune system and have an effect on other cells. These include interferon and interleukin 23. Histamine- A compound which is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries. 24.Endothelial Layer-A thin layer cells called endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. 25. Intramuscular Injection-An injection administered into a muscle. It allows the delivery of a medication deep into the muscles, which allows the medication to be absorbed into the bloodstream quickly. 26. Cranial Nerves- Twelve pairs of nerves which arise directly from the brain, not from the spinal cord, and pass through separate passages in the skull. 27. Aseptic Meningitis- Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. 28. Neurological-A neurological disorder is any disorder of the body nervous system. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can results in a range of neurological symptoms. |
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